Research: History of music videos

History of music videos

Intro

How have modern day music videos changed from traditional music videos? Think about audience appeal, what videos can now be used for, the impact they can have etc.
Music videos have changed over the past several decades which has influenced modern music videos and audience appeal. From the first black and white music video to Top of the Pops to movie influenced thriller to modern day high budgets music video. Over time music videos have appealed to more audiences which has help artists to sell more albums. Not only that there is more synergy involved when making music videos since this has helped sold even more albums. Music videos are now as used not only a way of promoting the artist music it also an advertising tool as well.

Timeline

1929

In 1929 Bessie smith appears in a short film called, Saint Louis Blues in 1929. The song at the time was hit and the short film was about a dramatized performance. This could be considered the first music video. However, it was in a film so it depends on your interpretation.

1940

In 1940, Disney released “Fantasia” which was an animated movie that was very based on several different classical music. This is considering a music video. However, in my opinion; it doesn’t first it doesn’t have lyrics and then doesn’t confirms to any conventional music video. It’s just a music that was included in a film.

1940 – 1950 

Various films during this time were accompanied with moving images and animations and also had background music. They are not music videos since these were literally added during editing. 

1950 – 1960

Tony Bennet “Stranger in paradise” filmed his song in London by walking through Hyde park. This is considered one of the first music videos since the content was mostly about the song rather than the film itself. Another reason is that this is considered one of the first music videos since it was distributed on UK and US Television.

1964 

Another key moment is The Beatles. Not only it promoted music videos it also set out a conventional standard for music videos which is used today. It also influenced various musicians including adding moving images to accompany music as well as making the music.

1966 

The launch of Top of the Pops. Which was made by the BBC. Top of the pops main purposes to promote various single artists which later on became bands. They had to compete air time since the original program ran for 90 mins.

Additional information – 1950, 1960 & 1970s

During this period, more music videos started to use various techniques that were featured in movies at the time. This included dramatic lighting, Cinematography which included camera angles as well as rhythmic editing. This has led to various music videos starting to look more like films at the time since music videos didn’t have it own distinct style during this period. 

The era of modern music.

This is now when more and more music videos have become more recognisable and more relevant to modern day music videos and how they are consumed and the styles of the music videos.

1975 

Queens ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ was one of the first modern music video which was innovative. The music was originally planned to be a live performance however unfortunately they couldn’t make the live performance, therefore, they decided to release it as a music video.  Bohemian rhapsody was the first music video made to played on the TV. Moreover, this was made for a “video” format. Therefore it would sensible to say that this is the first music video. Since it was made for video. And shouldn’t be confused with the “first promo film”

1970 – 1980

During this period, another key feature that is seen in most music videos was the recording and editing got cheaper and a lot easier. It meant you film higher quality of films on videotape recorders and portable videos cameras. Which enabled many pop acts to record promotional videos for their upcoming music rather than using film which was considerably more expensive and which required larger and more cumbersome cameras.

1981 

The launch of MTV. Which Heralded a new era for music videos since it meant that it became more accessible to watch music videos. The first music video to aired was the Buggles “Video Killed the radio Star” During this time music videos also sophisticated effects in the music videos. Also, they were an increase of adding a storyline or a plot the music videos to appeal to a larger audience.

1984

Miachel Jackson’s Thriller

This was another interesting point since; thriller was more than a music video it was more of a short movie rather than a music video. This is because thriller had a beginning, middle and an end.
However, another interesting development was Top Of the Pops had to start censor videos. Which led to censoring music video, therefore, some artists started to exploit this by making music videos more and more controversial which have led them to getting banned. To increase publicity and promote the release. An example of this tactic was Duran Duran “Girls on Film”

The 80s onwards.

Music video was starting to attract a larger and a large fan base which lead to a major role in popular and niche music marketing. An example of this success would be Madonna. The reason for her success was the skilful construction as well as the seductive appeal in her music videos.
MTV success was the start of the rush to make various music videos and was the golden era in regards to music videos. Because of its success, it became a new artform in popular culture however some people saw the death of the true musical artist. Because it became the physical appeal became critical to be successful in the music industry rather than the music

2005 

The launch of YouTube which users to watch videos online allowed music videos to became more accessible to a larger audience. Instead of having to wait for a music video to appear you could now watch instantly online which allowed more and more people to watch music videos. Which also led to increasing earnings for artists since this was a new way to watch music videos.

How has music video changed over time? 

Music videos has evolved over time from the humble beginnings of Bessie smith to the on-demand services of YouTube. They have been various influences such as the use of more film techniques in music videos. And the move from live performances to music videos. The audience has changed over the years reaching a wider range of audiences. Music videos can be now applied to most if not all genres currently compared backed to the 80s in which it was several genres only had music videos. The technology has changed as well from live performances to music videos on DVDs. To Music video channels and then finally on-demand services like YouTube. Along with the technology that has changed to watch it the technology the technology and techniques to film it has changed as well. With the introduction of lighter camera equipment and then High definition camera equipment as well as Dolby sound and various film techniques and then editing techniques. It has revolutionised music videos.

Conclusion

While researching the history of music videos, I could find out how music video developed over the past 40+ years moreover I have learnt about techniques that were used in the music videos in the past and how various artists such as Michel Jackson and the Beatles as well as Top of the Pops. Their work various has allowed music videos to develop for example thriller was the first music videos to use various degrees of techniques from films and the music video was more of a short film rather than a music video. The technology behind music videos has changed as well how the audience watches them. All of this can help me to understand what is behind a music video.

Research: Channels

Music channels

What are Music Channels

Music channels are TV channels which show mostly music videos by various artists or bands. You would usually see music channels on freeview or paid subscription services e.g Virgin and Sky. And on cable and satellites service. Music channels are important when they first began because they were only dedicated channels to show music videos and the latest hits. There are also important especially before the introduction of the internet; since this is one of the few ways that artists can show off the music video without asking the audience to pay to watch it. Therefore music channels are still needed to help the artist to success.

Music channels today.

They are various music channels  available (e.g MTV) but however, they can’t just show music videos any more this is because of the internet and the rise of on demand. Forcing music channels also to show television programs as well as music videos.

Music channels and synergy to appeal to the audience

Music channels use to just play music videos the problem was that was its only source of income however since the rise of on demand services such as YouTube. Watching music videos and music channels were seen to be outdated. Therefore, some channels started making and showing regularly programming. This included MTV which has made various popular such as Keeping up with Kardashian. Doing this has allowed more synergy and more promotions with the artists. Since music channels such as MTV also have made various different programs that have featured various artists which has allowed the more frequent use of synergy

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Examples of TV channels

This includes

• MTV
• MTV+1
• MTVHD
• MTV BASE
• MTV Classic
• MTV Dance
• MTV Hits
• MTV Live HD
• MTV Music
• MTV TOVK
• Vh1
• Viva
• Viva+1
• Chart show TV
• Capital TV
• Channel AKA
• Chilled TV
• Clubland TV
• Heart TV
• Now Music
• Vintage TV
• 4Music

Under-representation of music channels

There is an under-representation in music channels. Most music channels will show various different pop, hip hop, rap are mostly mainstream music or music that is famous and have music videos. With music that has profanity or is controversial. It is required by Ofcom to show the music video after the watershed which is at 9pm. However, they are various genres that are underrepresented this include classical music. Since there is barley any channels that show classical music. The only exception is when there is the BBC proms. Another underrepresented genre is jazz since that is also now really to rare to find artist or music videos that contain jazz and is popular.

Advantages: of having so many channels

They are various advantages of have a large amount of music channels. First of all they is more variety of music channels to choose from. It allows the audience to watch any music channel if they so desire. Any advantage of having various different music channels is it help promote artists since they can play on various channels which means it maybe seen by more people.

Also.

• Artists earn more money – If various channels request the music video the artist will earn more money because of various music channels.
• Allows audiences who may not use a subscription service to still listen – It is also an advantage to the audience especially if they use a Freeview service then a subscription service since they will be able to listen to music channels

Conclusion: what channels do you think your music video would play on and why?

The music video will be considered as niche however it could be played on most mainstream music channels such as 4music, Viva and MTV. The music channel will depend on what audience my thinks about the music video as well as what genre it comes under. Since it’s too early to say I would say it would be a mainstream music channel pending on the popularity of the genre and the music video. If my music video ended up on a music channel it would help promote the actual music. If the music is considered more niche then I would have to resort to putting it on a music channel that was rather more niche.

Research: Popular Theory

Popular music theory

Introduction

Popular culture is the idea of popular theory and various perspectives and attitude of mainstream culture. The understanding of Popular theory consisted of various theorists such as Gramsci, Frankfurt School and Adorno. This could be applied not only to music. It could be applied to Fashion, Movies, Television.

Popular culture

An example of Popular theory would be what was consider popular during certain time period. For example, the 70s, the most popular music videos were Bohemian rhapsody since that was different compared to any music videos at the time. Popular theory is linked with the music industry since they may promote songs and artists and specific genres are the most popular at the time.

Antonio Gramsci – Hegemony

Antonio Gramsci was a leading Marxist philosopher and He had use Hegemony as a way to describe there is one group have a dominant ideology the masses of culture compared to other ideology. The opposite of this is pluralism. This is when there are multiple ideologies from various groups in one culture. An example of Hegemonic existence is Sony, Warner and Historically EMI and Virgin. Since they have the controls over distribution and production of music across the world. An example Sony music vs George Michael; Sony music tried to force to George Michael to keep to several genres however he tried to get out of the contract to deal to do other types of music which led to a court case between both of them. After a long court battle George Michael won over Sony.
Dominant culture that take over from
Another example is how mainstream is popular and dominant over niche/independent music. This is because of the rise of various artists and pop bans and most music intuitions prefer certain genres over others because of the popularity of those genres.

Frankfurt School:

Frankfurt school or the Frankfurter Schule was an school of social theory at Gothe University in Frankfurt. During the interwar period the school consisted of dissidents from a capitalist, fascists or communist system. The people at the school were critical to both captlism and soviet socialism

Theodor Adorno:

Theodor adorno was one of the leading members at Frankfurter Schule Hes theory was about how capitalism allows the audience is more likely to listen to popular culture rather than true art. Moreover popular culture can influence the masses (mainstream audiences) in different ideologies.
because of his critical theory  as well work he did various other members.

Birmingham School: 

The Birmingham school of cultural science is where a university in which they studied cultural sciences one of the theorists who went there “Stuart hall” who was a cultural theorist and sociologist attended the Birmingham school. One of his theory’s was regarding issues around hegemony and cultural studies. His theory included encoding and decoding.
Birmingham school theory was more about how the audience isn’t passive because they would have to decode and encode the message of the narrative.

Dick Hebdige:

Hebdige was a music theorist and sociologist. His mostly known as for his study and understanding of subcultures and how it’s against the ideals of mainstream of society. He believed the idea that how a people will resist the power of large companies and how they control music. And how the audience may choose an alternative music or publishers and how a mainstream audience differs from an alternative audience.  His theory also explains why niche genres and subcultures may have a large appeal. However he also says that shows like x-factor tries to bring some of the niche genre to an mainstream audience and how sometimes that they will try to replicate some ideas that belong to niche genre. An example of this would be Madonna who emerged at the end of the punk scene and seen as the acceptable level of punk by mainstream culture and society. She had clothing that closely resembled punk style however was more mainstream in her marketing strategies and therefore evident of how subculture eventually become mainstream culture

Conclusion

All the theory’s discussed has an impact on the music industry. Since it shows how the audience is portrayed to the music industry and how popular culture can be used to influence the audience. I would disagree with both Theodor theory since making music for the popular culture is still as hard as making as making music for the “true art”. Since the music is most likey to be mainstream I would need to ensure it would need to look at an song that will appeal to Popular culture and the masses. [

Research: Genres

Genre

What is a genre?

A genre is a style or category of art, music or literature. In music there is various different genres describing different styles of music. They are various existing genres include: Pop, Hip Hop, Jazz Rock, Rap, House, Metal, Indie, Reggae, Classical etc. Most audiences would have different tastes and prefer different genres of music. Different genre has different expectations from the audiences and various people will have different tastes of music.

List of genres, key conventions and target audience.

Pop

The pop genre artists are usually young male or female artsits or bands. They may were fashionable clothing or set their own clothing. The music would be usually upbeat and would be either narrative or performance videos.

The target audience of pop would usually be younger people including children, teenagers especially 16 – 30s since they are more likely to relate to the artist and who would enjoy the music.

Rock.

The rock genre conventions consist of Rock is usually played by bands and they would include drums, guitar. Most of the time the band would be wearing black leather and clothing. They would be older, white males and most of the time most of the music are performance based.

The target audience of rock would be 18 – 50. It would be mostly middle aged people and most younger people since they can relate to it if they had a rebellious stage during the lives.

Classical.

The conventions of classical music are people that most artist are played with small or large ocrstras. They would play various different classical instruments such as the violin, Piano and French horn. An typical stereotype of the genre is that they would play classical pieces that maybe dated from the late 1800s.

The target audience for classical is for all since its quite a niche genre now. It is played quite frequently.

Rap

These are usually young male artist between 18-30. The artist would usually rap throughout the song depending on the context and the subject of the song. Another is also could be rapping along with the artist since one of the main conventions is that most of the time an rap song will be done by 2 or more artists rather than by 1 artist.
The target audience of Rap would usually young people especially males between the age 18-25s especially because the connotations of some of the words that have been said.

Rhythm and blues. 

These would be usually male artists and they would have tattoos, most of the music videos for R&B will be performance based or story based. Usually the setting off these music videos will be in an urban area. Also with R&B Songs women tend to wear minimal clothes and throughout the music video they maybe expensive items may been shown such as jewellery and sports cars
The target audience would young people between the ages of18-30 however they are usually for a male audience.

Genre and Characteristics

Music videos can be also divvied up into three categories, Mainstream, niche or indie. These are chartarstierstic which will depend on the song and the artist. A song would be considered more of an mainstream genre if it’s an popular genre or it’s the latest trend. For example, the genre was Dance, Hip Hop, Pop, Rap, R&B, Rock or anything that was trending this would be an mainstream song. However, if it was another genre such as Blues, Classical, indie rock, Heavy metal. This would be considered either as niche or indie, since they are not as popular compared to Pop. The reason why is because both characteristic of music video appeal to different audiences however mainstream music is the most popular music genre. 

Why is it important to follow generic conventions in videos? Think about audience/industry expectations – examples

Following genre convections is now important because the audience has expectations for various different genres. For example, they expect pop to be very upbeat. This has meant now that audience will expect certain characteristic and convections for various different genres in music videos. Also the industry also keeps the same expectation as the audience. Thefore following genre conventions of an genre is really important since the audience expect the convections to be seen in that videos. Also its even harder for artist to change genre if an artist is particular well known for a certain genre. Because this would upset their fans beacause they may not like the change to a different genre and would loose fans beacause of that. Also each genre has its own audience/ fan base and they usually relate to that genre.

Conclusion. 

In conclusion the genre of the song Is significantly important as a music videos. Different songs have various different connotations and different expectations from the audience and from the industry. The artist has to be consistent in what they are producing and meet the expectations of the genre to secure a fan base. Without convections of an music genre it would be really hard to tell what type of music video since the music could combined with various different genres.

Research: Goodwin’s Theory

Godwins Theroy

Introduction.

Andrew Goodwin theory was linked to the music industry and the music videos. The theory was that 

According to godwins theory they several different features this includes

• Genre Characteristics
• Relationship Between lyrics and visuals
• Relationship between music and visuals
• Star images motifs
• Notion of looking 
• Intertexual References
• Performance, narrative or concept based
• Technical elements. 

Below i will be talking about these features in more detailed and why this important acording to the theory.

The Eight Characteristics

Genre Characteristics - "Music videos often reflect their genre through use of special characteristics which makes them conventional" The are various different genres which have different convection's for example.

Pop

Dance

Rock

Hip Hop

R&B - 

Swing - Predominantly Old fashioned, The use of older classical instruments such as saxophone and Banjos.

Relationship Between lyrics and visuals.

This is when there is an connection shown between the lyrics and visual. For example the singer may be singing about her boyfriend and usually there will be clip of her boyfriend appears. In these cases they will be visualization of lyrics during the music video.

Relationship between music and visuals
This is when there is an connection shown between the music and visuals. Unlike the lyrics and visuals this is when the music helps visual whats happening not the lyrics. For example if the music is more upbeat compared to the rest of the song this is reflected in the video.

Star images motifs
This is when the music videos of the star (or artist) are shown in the music video. This may include close ups of the artist. This is usually demanded by the recorded labels to the artist more identifiable.

Notion of looking 
This is when there the camera is pointing at certain parts of the body. Unfortunately this happends mostly when there is a female which may interp the women in that music video as being an sexual object. The Notion of looking  happens in various genres of music videos. This includes R&B and hip hop genre.

Intertexual References
This is when the music videos references or links with popular culture or with films, tv programmes and with other music videos. This also means that it can be used as parody as well.

Performance, narrative or concept based
This is when the music video is based a way of portraying the events that happend during the music video. An Music video can be narrative based, concept based and/or Performance based, sometimes all three maybe incorporated into the music video.

Technical elements. 

This is when they used different technical skills when creating a music video. When using technical equipment when making a music video this includes cinematography, sound, editing within the music videos.

Performance, narrative or concept based

Performanced Based

This is when the the music video is based on the performance of the artist/band allowing the audience to see them in action.
An Example of this would be AJR - Im ready. Since you see the artists performing in the music video.

Narrative Based

This is when the music has lyrics that is related to an story and the music video is based on that narrative. This is then visualized in the music video an example of this would be Carly Rae Jepsen - I really like you.

Concept Based
This is when the music video is not conventional and is based on a theme and/or idea. This maybe seen as obscure or strange to the audience because it is different to the norm. Concept based music may heavily rely on special effects as well. An good example would be Coldplay - Paradise.

Analysis of Music.

Below are 3 music videos that I have analysed.
This includes
• Kungs vs Cookin’ on 3 Burners – This Girl
• Daryl Hall & John Oates - Out Of Touch
• BORIS BIKE (German Whip Parody) - Vuj, KSI, Klayze, JME

Kungs vs Cookin’ on 3 Burners - This Girl

Artist: Kungs vs Cookin’ on 3 Burners

Genre: Pop

Genre Characteristics: Pop music usually upbeat, the music video is also quite upbeat in line with the genre. The character shown in the video you would find in your stereotypical pop music video. However, unlike most pop music videos they don’t feature the artist itself. You can hear them singing however they use actors.

Relationship Between lyrics and visuals between the lyrics and visuals. For example, “Just take my hand and hold me tight” the visuals show them doing this Shown in this screen capture on the right

Relationship between music and visuals: The relationship between the music and visuals if the beat would change or when the music went into a sudden pause. The visuals would change because of the tempo of the music would go up and down.

Star images motifs: They are no close ups of the artist this because the artist wasn’t preforming and also there isn’t any star image motif as well. However, the actors and the cinematography are typical for pop music videos

Notion of looking: There was references to notion of looking throughout at the video, however these were brief moments towards the end of the video focusing at some female body parts. This was used within context are not used to entain the audience

Intertextual References: In this music video they weren’t any.

Performance, concept or Narrative: The song is a mixture of narrative and concept based. This is due to the fact there is no performance from the band from the music video. The reason why I would it mainly focused on narrative is because the focus of the music video focused on two characters which went through various different location

Technical elements: The colours depending on the location for example when they were outside. The colour usually had an orange tinge. If they were inside partying they would have a purple blue colour. This was because of the strobe lighting to show they were partying. As well as the use of high key lighting in some scenes.

Daryl Hall & John Oates - Out Of Touch

Artists - Daryl Hall & John Oates

Genre: Hip-hop

Genre Characteristics: The genre characteristics, are the stereotypical you will find in pop especially during 80s. For example, the clothing mostly jeans and t-shirts, Various different hairstyles also the music video was filmed in a studio/set which is quite stereotypical for 80s hip hop. Compared to other music today we see they would be in front of a green screen or filmed outside on a street.



Relationship Between lyrics and visuals:

Relationship between music and visuals: The relationship between music and visuals is quite fast paced to match the music playing. This includes various different editing techniques and various different transitions.

Star images motifs: Star images motifs consisted of various different close-ups or medium shots of the signers moreover low angle shots to show them performing

Notion of looking: None was evident in this music video.

Performance, concept or Narrative: This song is performance is based due to various close ups shots. of the artists singing and dancing,

Intertextual References: They were some intertextual references

Technical Elements:

BORIS BIKE (German Whip Parody) - Vuj, KSI, Klayze, JME

Genre Characteristics: The genre characteristics are again quite stereotypical for rap songs of this genre. It takes real life issues or elements such is the case in this video, London Boris bike. And rap about them in this video. Moreover, this a parody of another rap song “German whip” and mocked it during the music video. This could be considered under the postmodern key term since they used examples or scenes from another music videos with this music video. Which is quite stereotypical for music videos? Another genre charaticsics is the clothing they wearing.

Relationship Between lyrics and visuals: This is used frequently in conjunction with the editing. For example, at 0:53 when he says “Shoreditch to the bits” the visual changes to match the lyrics. This is done to match the narrative of the song.

Relationship between music and visuals: Relationship between music and visuals is fast paced especially were transitions are used to show how life In London is quite fast. A lot of fast paced editing was use throughout the music video.

Star images motifs: There are various different close ups of the artists rapping in this song. For example, when we see KSI rapping about his wig there are various different closups 

Notion of looking: Notion of looking wasn’t evident here however there was some emphasis on looking at clothing of a women during the music video 

Intertextual References: There are various Intertextual references are made throughout the video. First of all, this is a parody of another rap song “German whip”. To many references to the London cycle hire program nicknamed “Boris bikes” This rap takes real life elements especially if you live in London and refers to them in this music video

Performance, concept or Narrative: This song is mainly performance however can be also considered as narrative because of the lyrics matching visuals in some scenes. This has been explained in Relationship Between lyrics and visuals.

Technical elements: Since all of the music video was mostly edited and were outside and used real world elements such as Boris bikes there wasn’t any use of technical elements.

Opinions on Goodwin’s Theory

The research I have done on Goodwin’s theory has positive and negatives. The positive on Goodwin’s theory is that it can be applied to all music videos even if the music video doesn’t have 1 or 2 elements within the music video. Another positive is that allows you to break down the content on a music video to various different structure. This means you can consider all the aspects of the music video. However, this theory was basically pointing out the obvious regarding music videos. For example, when he’s referring too conventional to a genre like pop. He’s pointing out what most pop music videos would include since it been used in a lot of music videos. Also his theory relies on mainstream music this means if there is a niche piece of music which is a certain genre and doesn’t follow the conventional guidelines. Then it becomes a problem since it isn’t conventional and would have to be explained it doesn’t follow a standard convectional of a genre.

Overall Goodwin theory is easy to understand and reliable when it comes to identifying conventional features with various genre when it comes to music video and its connotations. However, they various issues with the theory including its harder to apply to more niche/indie music genre especially when they don’t follow the convention of a genre. Moreover, should Goodwin should be claiming that it his theory since this was pointing out the obvious and maybe Goodwin shouldn’t be accredited with the theory.  

Conclusion. 

The research I have done for Goodwin’s theory shows what theory’s I could be applied to different types of music videos. Goodwin’s theory identifies key features which are seen in most if not all music videos. Therefore, with my final product I should follow this theory as this takes into consideration of various different conventions in various different genres. My final product will be following convection that is seen in that genre. I will have to make sure that when I choose a song its evidently clear that is following a genre convection. Because if the song isn’t it make it harder to work with the song. Also it needs to be clear if it’s a narrative based, performance based or concept based. Also I rather work with a performance based or narrative based music video rather than a concept based music video. Also I am planning to have intertextual references within the music video.

Research: Institutions

Media Intuitions.

What are media intuitions.

Media intuitions are companies that help fund and promote new music for various different artists from up and coming artists to established and popular artist such as Beyoncé They are various intuitions that range from quite small to really large conglomerate. It is important for an artist to have a contract with a media intuition because it can help promote and publish an artist song.  Which will help them grow because they can help advertised to more people.

What are the main media intuitions?

EMI

EMI or Electronic and music industries. Is one of the most known media intuitions currently it is own by Universal. It is also the world largest music publisher. And they own various different labels such as. Angel Records, Narada Productions, Caroline Records and Ruffhouse. However, EMI was broken up in 2012 and are known as EMI Music Publishing which is led by a consortium of Sony/ATV and its currents artists are. The black eyed peas, Sean Paul, Bloc Party, Robbie Williams. EMI Administers over the publishing rights over 1.3 million songs.

Sony

Sony Music is another music publisher which is a subsidiary which is part of the large conglomerate which is Sony respectively. The Sony music arm is currently called Sony Music entertainment however was previously Sony BMG Music Entertainment. There current labels are Columbia Records, RCA Records, Epic Records and RED Associated Labels. They have various labels which offer various different genres such as Hip Hop, Rap, Classical, Country, Pop and more. Sony music has signed various celebrities and artists including Katy Perry, One direction, Pitbull, Beyoncé, Chris brown.

Universal

Universal is also a major player and is one of the largest music intuitions. Universal is a major subsidiary of Vivendi which is a major conglomerate. They own various different labels this include Caroline Records and virgin records etc. Moreover, they are working with Vevo to gain a larger audience. Vevo is a website which allow users to watch YouTube videos. Universal Music group has signed various different artists this include. Taylor Swift J, 50 Cent, Justin Bieber, Rihanna, and Jessie J etc.

Warner

Warner is another major music intuition however they are not as large compared to the various other music intuitions. There most popular music labels include Atlantic, Cordless, Roadrunner and Warner brothers. Since they are smaller its less stressful working with them. They cater for various different genres including Pop, Hip Hop, Rock, Dance, Rap and they have various artists this includes Bjork, Bruno mars, kid rock, clean bandit to name a few.

Advantages and disadvantages of being signed to an institution:

Advantages

They are various reasons advantages.

• They are established and known across the world. So it easier for the artist to promote his music via a well-known intuition. Which helps the artist attract an audience to their song and music video.
• The artist has more security while with a music intuition because they will pay her regularly unlike if he/she was self-publishing the music since they may not be able to afford a PR campaign unlike an institution.
• Intuitions invest lots of money in providing artists. Which may help the artist in gaining more fame

Disadvantages.

However, there were some disadvantages

• Your stuck to a contract, therefore if you’re not happy about the conditions of the contract you may be stuck with it because the company may not budge to change the conditions of the contract or the pay.
• Decisions about the music you play maybe have to be agreed with the music intuitions. This maybe come more stressful if you want do something else and they won’t allow it to change.
• They maybe more demanding and more stressful to deal with.
• Getting signed with institution doesn’t mean success since they maybe difficult about what you can sing and release until the artist proves they have the potential.

Conclusion

All media intuitions cater to various tastes in music and sign various different artists. This is despite them maybe preferring a certain type artist and group. During our final project I would choose Warner music group. The main reason why is because the other music intuitions are bigger doesn’t mean they will be better compared Warner. Also the music video will be viral and watched by various audiences. Also I will be dealing with a smaller company compared to Sony or Universal so the artist would have more Negoating room moreover various popular artists such as Bjork, Bruno mars, kid rock, clean bandit has chosen warner music group. Therefore, I would choose warner over Sony and Universal.